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               report to provide feedback. 161   Neither NSA nor FBI is aware of any contemporaneous feedback
               from FBI or others suggesting that any of the 15 intelligence reports were, or were not, useful for
               these earlier stage investigatory and analytical activities.  However, FBI subsequently conducted

               a review of the CDR program’s contributions.   During a briefing to Board staff, FBI explained
               that while most of the NSA intelligence reports provided redundant information, two reports
               provided unique information to FBI. 162

                       (U) During its review of the contributions of the CDR program, FBI determined that, of
               the 15 reports, 11 duplicated information that was already present in FBI files. 163   Of the
               remaining four reports, FBI determined that two contained information that was duplicated by
               FBI through information that FBI had received from the use of other lawful process. 164   This
               duplication reflects the fact that FBI can acquire one-hop metadata using a variety of other legal
               authorities, including grand-jury subpoenas.  Agents can then progressively expand their map of
               a suspect’s network by seeking a series of individualized court orders as new information comes
               in.

                       (TS//SI//NF) FBI received unique information from the remaining two intelligence
               reports.  The first report
                                 165

                                                         166   FBI decided to open a foreign intelligence
               investigation                                          based on the information contained in
               NSA’s USA Freedom Act intelligence report, which included relevant “first hop” information
               from the USA Freedom Act and relevant information from another legal authority. 167




                                                                                       168




               161  (U) NSA briefing to the Board (May 23, 2019).
               162  (U) FBI briefing to the Board (Oct 23, 2019).

               163  (U) FBI briefing to the Board (June 11, 2019).
               164  (U) FBI briefing to the Board (June 11, 2019).
               165  (U) FBI briefing to the Board (June 11, 2019).
               166  (U) FBI discussion with Board staff (Aug. 16, 2019).
               167  (U) FBI briefing to the Board (June 11, 2019).

               168  (U) FBI discussion with Board staff (Aug. 16, 2019).

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